Below is a gathered list of novels from the 2020s that touch upon themes of migration. We Are Not from Here by Jenny Torres Sanchez 2020 Migrations by Charlotte McConaghy 2020 What Strange Paradise by Omar El Akkad 2021 Travelling While Black: Essays Inspired by a Life on the Move by Nanjala Nyabola 2021
Below is a gathered list of novels from the 2010s that touch upon themes of migration. Secret Daughter by Shilpi Somaya Gowda 2010 Girls in Translation by Jean Kwok 2010 The Kitchen House by Kathleen Grissom 2010 The Free World by David Bezmozgis 2011 Open City by Teju Cole 2011 Uprising by Margaret Peterson Haddix …
Below is a gathered list of novels from the 2000s that touch upon themes of migration. The Vision of Emma Blau by Ursula Hegi 2000 Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides 2002 Crescent by Diana Abu-Jaber 2003 Rodzina by Karen Cushman 2003 The Master Butchers Singing Club by Louise Erdrich 2003 The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri 2003 …
Below is a gathered list of novels from the 1990s that touch upon themes of migration. Ruby by Rosa Guy 1991 The Inscrutable Americans by Anurag Mathur 1991 Dreaming in Cuban by Cristina Garcia 1992 A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler 1993 Reef by Romesh Gunesekera 1995 When Fox is …
January 2019 More Than 100 Migrants Die at Sea in Wreck Off Libya, Survivors Say – The New York Times At Least 52 Dead After Boats Capsize Off Djibouti, U.N. Migration Agency Says – The New York Times Morocco foils 89,000 illegal migration attempts in 2018: interior ministry – Reuters
Aasif Mandvi on Ellis Island by Sumita S. Chakravarty Is there a comic vision of migration, or more precisely, a comedian’s take on the matter? We are so used to dark and gloomy images of migrants, to accounts of danger, violence, and death as far as the movement of people across borders is concerned, that …
THE CRIMINAL IMMIGRANT: MYTH, ENEMY, ICON (PART 3 of 4) BY: JEN EVANS “Nowadays, crime’s gone respectable.” These were the words of Captain James Hamilton, Head of Intelligence for the Los Angeles Police Department, as he described the Italian-American Mafia to Ian Fleming circa 1959.1 In his travels to Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Chicago, and …
MAKING SENSE OF HISTORY: CANADA’S NATIONAL MUSEUM BY: SUMITA S. CHAKRAVARTY At a time of increasing fragmentation of civic life and thought in many western societies, it is instructive to ponder the role of national museums in articulating a culture’s collective history, goals, and aspirations. Museums, like sports, are perhaps the mediated experiences still remaining …
January 2018 Migrant slavery in Libya: Nigerians tell of being used as slaves BBC NEWS JANUARY 2 Returning Migrants Start Over in Sierra Leone NEWS DELHI TIMES JANUARY 2 Libya sends migrants home to Gambia EURONEWS JANUARY 2
Both projects were conceived and executed in a class called The Cinematic Place, taught by the late Deanna Kamiel, who passed away on June 16th. There has been an outpouring of heartfelt tributes from students who were touched by Kamiel’s dedicated service as a professor, and these two projects are products of one of her …
Despite the tendency for things to slow down during the Summer, the work being done surrounding issues related to migration seems to be just ramping up. It seems like there are endless opportunities to contribute or discuss, but where to start? In an era of information oversaturation, and a deluge of political movements, …
Migration is not just happening across national borders; it is also a risky move forced on women within the United States. I am referring to migratory practice related to the need to have an abortion that some women face. In an assessment published at the beginning of 2018, The Guttmacher Institute, a leading research and …
Denied citizenship, forced from their homes, and subjected to cruelty; Al Jazeera investigate the plight of Myanmar’s Rohingya.
This social experiment that took place in Australia begins with a man wearing a sign that reads “refugees are scum.” This incites angry reactions from locals and one pedestrian even rips the sign off of the demonstrator. But what are the reactions from the public when he switches his placard to say: “Help the refugees?” …
More than 1.5 million people live in Manhattan. If this happened to all of them, would you notice?
On 19 April, one year after the tragic single drowning of hundreds of migrants in the Mediterranean Sea, which marked the beginning of the “migration crisis”, we look back on how the crisis unfolded through 2015, and how the EU developed its comprehensive response. This is the “inside story”, as told by key witnesses from …
Immigrant stories have increased greatly over the past fews years, seeming to be only encouraged by the 2016 election and current political climate. Years ago, having immigrant characters at all was considered transgressive. They had to be used sparingly, and with vagueness surrounding their background. This often resulted in some pretty offensive portrayals. Frustratingly, even …
An exhibition of work by artist Tracey Moffatt has opened at the permanent Australian pavilion in Venice as part of the 2017 International Art Exhibition, or Art Biennale. Moffatt is the first Indigenous artist to represent Australia in Venice since 1997. Housed in the permanent Australian pavilion designed by Denton Corker Marshall that opened in 2015, My Horizon comprises two …
This solo show by Venezuelan artist Alessandro Balteo-Yazbeck takes up the question of refugees, arguing that human rights NGOs and charities have developed into a full-blown industry, with their own marketing and propaganda techniques. Working as an artist and a researcher, Balteo- Yazbeck proposes that governments and NGOs use human tragedies, such as the migration …
Diébédo Francis Kéré designed the next National Assembly building to reflect the reality of life in Ouagadougou. The design by the Berlin-based architect (and Burkina Faso native) is open and transparent, a pyramid whose façade doubles as a public space. The plans include terraces that celebrate (and demonstrate) the country’s agricultural achievements. Low-slung and marked …
Strong political art is tough to make. So, when it turns up, it’s worth a look. In an era of “great, great walls” and “bad hombres”, an exhibition called “State of Exception/Estado de Excepcion” at Parsons School of Design. Click here to read more.
Bringing together projects by architects, designers, and artists, working in a range of mediums and scales, that respond to the complex circumstances brought about by forced displacement, the exhibition focuses on conditions that disrupt conventional images of the built environment. This exhibition is part of Citizens and Borders, a series of discrete projects at MoMA related …
Ankledeep was completed in 1991 in Preston, where Himid lives and works. It is part of a series entitled Revenge: A Masque in Five Tableaux that the artist finished in 1992 and first exhibited that same year at Rochdale Art Gallery. The series comprises twelve works (ten paintings, an installation and a drawing on paper) that include figurative …
In June 2011, a lengthy essay by journalist Jose Antonio Vargas was published in The New York Times Magazine. It was titled “My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant.” In the essay, Vargas talks about the complicated logistical aspects of succeeding in America while undocumented, but it is his insight into the psychological impact of feeling …
People smugglers are increasingly relying on social media platforms, particularly Facebook, to find their customers. Europol’s European Migrant Smuggling Center (EMSC) last year identified 1,150 suspicious social media accounts – a staggering rise from the 148 accounts it was watching in 2015. The trend, which is also is reflected in other parts of the world, …
Despite being bombarded with headlines about the “migrant crisis” facing Europe, little is really known about how European citizens perceive and experience migration in their daily lives. As part of our ongoing research we’ve found that rather than linking “irregular” migration with fears of terrorism, EU citizens have a more nuanced position on border security. The people …
SOMETIMES Hekmatullah, a 32-year-old Afghan, has to choose between food and connectivity. “I need to stay in touch with my wife back home,” he says, sitting in a grubby tent in the Oinofyta migrant camp, near Athens. Because Wi-Fi rarely works there, he has to buy mobile-phone credit. And that means he and his fellow …
Should what’s on your Facebook page be a factor in determining whether you’re allowed to re-enter the United States? That’s a question to ponder in the wake of President Donald Trump’s ban on immigration that began on Friday. Border patrol agents are checking the Facebook accounts of people who are being held in limbo for approval to …
The gardens by Piazza Venezia in the middle of Rome are normally used as a rest stop by tired tourists. In recent weeks, they have instead become home to weary asylum seekers, evicted from a building in Rome that they had illegally occupied for years. At dawn on Monday, the police came to evict the …
Migrants leaving their homes for a new country often carry a smartphone to communicate with family that may have stayed behind and to help search for border crossings, find useful information about their journey or search for details about their destination. The digital footprints left by online searches can provide insight into the movement of migrants as they transit …
Some young European far right-wingers are so fed up with migrants reaching the continent’s shores that they’ve decided to take matters into their own hands. The group is raising money to run its very own border patrol mission in the waters separating Libya and Italy. The Identitarian Movement (known as IB) tries to appeal to its cohorts by …
The Department of Homeland Security announced Sept. 18 that it was adding social media and other public-facing information to its immigration records. The move has generated alarm among privacy activists and generated a flurry of comments in the normally sleepy public docket. Essentially, DHS announced that it was redefining what constitutes an official immigration file, expanding the scope of …
In a highly anticipated reshuffling of cabinet appointments last week, Zimbabwe’s president, Robert Mugabe, created a new ministry of “Cyber Security, Threat Detection and Mitigation,” to be led by former finance minister Patrick Chinamasa. The government claims the ministry was created because of growing abuse of social media, including cyberbullying. But observers claim that the real reason is to clamp …
The Irish artist spent two years capturing the journeys of migrants into Europe using the camera, which can detect a human body from 30km and identify an individual from 6.3km. As the equipment is subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, Mosse hired lawyers to obtain an export document for each trip. “The camera was designed …
The plan was for Musaab to go first, and later, once he was given status as a refugee, his wife and son would join him through the United Nations’ family reunion programme. In early August 2014, he boarded a flight to Algeria (which, at the time, was still granting visas on arrival to Syrians with …
In a Ted Talk, Chris Milk calls virtual reality the “ultimate empathy machine” and he is not the only one who has taken note of the possibilities this technology holds; possibilities that non-interactive media such as traditional cinema or fine art cannot offer. The immigrant experience is one that is a part of most American …
2016–17 “MIGRATION AND COMMUNICATION FLOWS: RETHINKING BORDERS, CONFLICT AND IDENTITY THROUGH THE DIGITAL” November 2-3 2017 – Bilbao, Spain “We are faced with a crisis of humanity, and the only exit from this crisis is to recognize our growing interdependence as a species and to find new ways to live together in solidarity and cooperation, …
Here is a collection of some of the design submissions for the borders meant to divide Mexico and the U.S.A, providing visual references for the architecture of borders. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/05/522712279/photos-the-many-possible-shapes-of-trumps-border-wall
The Pakistani-born Mohsin Hamid’s fourth novel, “Exit West,” takes the current Middle Eastern migrant crisis and injects a wizardry, an allegorical urgency, that declares this book’s intention to be art. In an unnamed city about to be wrecked by war — you will think Mosul or Aleppo — two students, Nadia and Saeed, begin a …
Prominent political philosophers — including David Miller at Nuffield College, Oxford, and Joseph Carens at the University of Toronto — outline an account of “social membership” in receiving societies. This process unfolds over five to 10 years of work, everyday life, and the development of attachments. As Carens writes in Who Should Get In?(2003), after a period of years, …
UNHCR is currently negotiating with the Libyan authorities the establishment of an open reception centre that would allow refugees and asylum seekers freedom of movement, giving priority to the most vulnerable among them. In this reception centre, UNHCR could provide registration, accommodation, food, social services, counselling and support to survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, …
FCB Inferno has become the go-to UK agency for what we might call ’cause’ advertising and now it’s launching ‘A Child Is A Child’ for Unicef UK, directed by Rankin. The film highlights the plight of children uprooted by war, poverty and disaster and urges people to see past the refugee and migrant labels and …
Posters have appeared in railway stations around the country which feature a woman in a burka with the slogan: “Uncontrolled naturalisation? No to facilitated naturalisation”. The poster was commissioned by a group of politicians working against the vote, led by Andreas Glarner of the right-wing People’s Party. National Councillor of the Zurich Canton Rosmarie Quadranti …
Norway has taken out a front-page advertisement in a major Afghan newspaper warning would-be migrants that potential asylum seekers “will be returned by force”, while the Belgian asylum secretary has written directly to migrants asking them not to come. “Afghans without need for asylum coming the #Arctic_route from #Russia, risk being sent to #Kabul. 500 returned …
2015 “MIGRATION, MEDIA AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE,” 25-26 NOVEMBER 2015, UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY, BARCELONA “TRANSIENT MIGRATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC: IDENTITIES, SOCIAL NETWORKS AND MEDIA,” 12 NOVEMBER 2015, RMIT UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE “MANAGING BORDERS,” 3-4 APRIL 2015, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK “GENDER, CULTURE & MIGRATION,” 6-7 MARCH 2015, UNIVERSITY OF GDANSK, POLAND 2014 “DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION,” 23–25 …
2011-2016 Scott Blinder and William L. Allen. “Constructing Immigrants: Portrayals of Migrant Groups in British National Newspapers, 2010–2012.” International Migration Review. Spring 2016. Shepard, Mark. “Minor Urbanism: Everyday Entanglements of Technology and Urban Life”Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 2013 (v 27, no. 4), 483 – 494 BECK, Ulrich AND DANIEL LEVY, “COSMOPOLITANIZED NATIONS: RE-IMAGINING COLLECTIVITY IN WORLD RISK …
2011-12 CELIK, IPEK A. IN PERMANENT CRISIS: ETHNICITY IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN MEDIA AND CINEMA. ANN ARBOR: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS, 2015. MARTIN, Susan. A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2012. MOORE, KERRY, BERNHARD GROSS AND TERRY THREADGOLD. EDS. MIGRATIONS AND THE MEDIA. NY: PETER LANG, 2012. JONES, Amelia. SEEING DIFFERENTLY: A HISTORY AND THEORY OF IDENTIFICATION AND THE VISUAL …
American Studies scholar George Lipsitz’s article The Meaning of Memory: Family, Class, and Ethnicity in Early Network Television Programs (1986) examines how the “historical specificity of early network television programs led their creators into dangerous ideological terrain”. “The presence of this subgenre of ethnic, working-class situation comedies on television network schedules seems to run contrary …
How the Other Half Lives (1890) was a pioneering work of photojournalism by Jacob Riis. The publication documented the poor living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s. “Nothing would probably have shocked their original owners more than the idea of their harboring a promiscuous crowd; for they were the decorous homes of …
Edward Said makes sense of his life. “The day in early September 1951 when my mother and father deposited me at the gates of that school and then immediately left for the Middle East was probably the most miserable of my life.” https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v20/n09/edward-said/between-worlds
– by Sumita Chakravarty There is a kind of matter-of-factness in the voices we hear in Bouchra Khalili’s The Mapping Journey Project, a series of eight videos that is currently installed in an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Each video is projected on a screen and as we move from …
– Sumita Chakravarty A brand-new and impressive Emigration Museum in Gydnia, Poland overlooks the Baltic Sea, conjuring up for the visitor the scene of countless departures of Poles for other shores over the past three centuries. As the museum’s brochure informs us, 20 million Poles are currently living abroad, and the Polish diaspora is the …
Two reports from the Center for Immigration Studies are discussed; Janice Kepharts’s “Immigration & Terrorism: Moving Beyond the 9/11 Staff Report on Terrorist Travel” and James R. Edwards’ “Keeping Extremist Out: The History of Ideological Exclusion and Need For Its Revival.” Both reports are centered on efforts to prevent further attacks on American soil and …
By Sumita Chakravarty Lotte’s mother: How did you know it was me? Nejat Aksu: You are the saddest person here. In his film, The Edge of Heaven (Auf der anderen Seite, 2008), Turkish-German filmmaker, Fatih Akin foregrounds pain, loss, and the pathos of brief encounters through three intertwined narratives that touch each other, one might …
If, as Alfred Korzybski famously observed, “The map is not the territory,” what are some alternate ways of exploring our relationship to the areas we traverse and the spaces we occupy? There is by now a vast literature on cartography and map-making as it historically evolved to make possible the ubiquity of maps that we …
— by Sumita Chakravarty The U.S. presidential campaign of 2016 has once again brought the issue of migration and citizenship to the forefront of political debate and public discussion. In particular, immigration into the U.S. as a threat to national well-being and economic prosperity is regarded as one of the two major reasons for the …
February 2015 Perception, Policy, and Migration 17 Feb 2015 Pacific Standard Magazine IOM: Some 3,800 Migrants Rescued from Mediterranean since Friday 17 Feb 2015 Voice of America News Canada’s millionaire migrants earn less than refugees, so why bother with wealth migration? 17 Feb 2015 South China Morning Post
Through powerful footage and intimate access, THE STATE OF ARIZONA focuses on the controversial “papers please” law, SB1070. The feature-length, verité documentary interweaves the volatile themes of immigration and race portrayed through a mosaic of characters and their responses to the law. The film’s three-act structure is built around the turbulent arc of the law, …
Lilja 4-ever (2002)Lilja 4-ever is a 2002 Swedish-Danish drama film directed by Lukas Moodysson. Lilja 4-ever is an unremittingly brutal and realistic story of the downward spiral of Lilja, played by Oksana Akinshina, a girl in the former Soviet Union whose mother abandons her to move to the United States. The story is loosely based …
No Fear, No Die (1990) Working from a script co-authored by Denis and Jean-Pol Fargeau, No Fear, No Die directly confronts the personal politics of race, capital, and especially masculinity, as they are marked by colonisation and its pathologies. While plot matters little in the work of Denis, the film follows the tragic consequences of …
Black Girl (1966) “Black Girl is a 1966 film by the Senegalese writer and director Ousmane Sembène, starring Mbissine Thérèse Diop. Its original French title is La Noire de…, which means “The black girl of…”, as in “someone’s black girl”. The film centers on a young Senegalese woman who moves from Senegal to France to …
A clinically presented series of stark white, unembellished placards illustrates the sobering statistical data for the overwhelming public sentiment against the abolition of the death penalty as an off-screen narrator (Nagisa Oshima) provides a snide, but impassioned rebuttal to popular opinion by presenting a objective documentary of the austere and impersonal milieu associated with the …
Reminiscences of a journey to Lithuania (1972) After a twenty-seven year absence, Adolfas and his brother Jonas returned to their birthplace in Lithuania. They had left Lithuania as young men, destined for a German labor camp. Now they came home for a visit, Adolfas with his wife, the singer Pola Chapelle. “The film consists of …
The Silence of Lorna (2008) Sokol and Lorna, two Albanian emigrants in Belgium, dream of leaving their dreary jobs to set up a snack bar. They need money, and a permanent resident status. Claudy is a junkie – he needs money to satisfy his addiction. Andrei, the cigarette smuggler, must hold up for a while …
La promesse is the breakthrough feature from Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne, who would go on to become a force in world filmmaking. The brothers brought the unerring eye for detail and the compassion for those on society’s lowest rungs developed in their earlier documentary work to this absorbing drama about a teenager (Jérémie Renier) gradually …
The Undocumented (2013) Marcos Hernandez lives and works in Chicago. He came to the United States from Mexico, after a life-threatening border crossing through the Sonora Desert in southern Arizona. Each month, he sends money to his mother in Mexico City to buy medicine for his brother, Gustavo, who needs a kidney transplant. The Undocumented, …
During the Colonial period, the English dominated settlement in New England, the Dutch in New York and New Jersey, the Germans in Pennsylvania, the Scandinavians in Delaware, and the French along the lake and river system of what was then the Western frontier. The patterns of westward migration of these groups established paths of architectural influence throughout the region. “The English established …
Two decades ago, when Shanghai’s leaders looked out over the new New China born of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reforms, it seemed history had gone off the rails. It wasn’t Shanghai, the city that invented Chinese capitalism, but Deng’s new experimental instant metropolis, Shenzhen, on the border with Hong Kong, that was brimming with factories and …
Stranger Than Paradise (1984) Rootless Hungarian immigrant Willie (John Lurie), his pal Eddie (Richard Edson), and visiting sixteen-year-old cousin Eva (Eszter Balint) always manage to make the least of any situation, whether aimlessly traversing the drab interiors and environs of New York City, Cleveland, or an anonymous Florida suburb. With its delicate humor and dramatic …
How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories (2010) The documentary contains multiple, in-depth portraits that are weaved together to illustrate the full-blown social movement. It offers a window into the process of social change in a democracy, into the roots of immigration’s place in our culture and national identity and into the ability of the machinery …
The House of Sand and Fog (2003) Academy Award winners Ben Kingsley (Gandhi) and Jennifer Connelly (A Beautiful Mind) deliver stunning performances as two strangers whose conflicting pursuits of the American Dream lead to a fight for their hopes at any cost. What begins as a struggle over a rundown bungalow spirals into a clash …
The Godfather Part II (1974) Francis Ford Coppola took some of the deep background from the life of Mafia chief Vito Corleone–the patriarch of Mario Puzo’s bestselling novel The Godfather–and built around it a stunning sequel to his Oscar-winning, 1972 hit film. Robert De Niro plays Vito as a young Sicilian immigrant in turn-of-the-century New York …
Fast Food Nation (2006) Don Henderson (Greg Kinnear)-a marketing executive at Mickey’s Fast Food Restaurant chain, home of “The Big One”-has a problem. Contaminated meat is getting into the frozen patties of the company’s best-selling burger. To find out why, he’ll have to take a journey to the dark side of the All-American meal. Leaving …
Lost Boys of Sudan (2003) Lost Boys of Sudan follows two teenage Sudanese refugees on an extraordinary journey from Africa to America offering a gripping and sobering peek into the myth of the American Dream. In the late 80s Islamic fundamentalists in Sudan waged war on the country s separatists leaving behind over 20,000 male …
In Between Days (2007) A quiet specimen of personal storytelling at its most exciting, In Between Days intimately portrays the joys and risks of first love and burgeoning adulthood with bracing and undeniable honesty. Aimie (Jiseon Kim) is a teenager recently transplanted from her native South Korea to a snowbound North American city. Disconnected from her single …
Man Push Cart (2005) Every night while the city sleeps, Ahmad, a former rock star in his native Pakistan, drags his heavy cart along the streets of New York. And every morning, he sells coffee and donuts to a city he cannot call his own. One day, the pattern of this harsh existence is broken …
Well Founded Fear (2000) This 2000 documentary is an unprecedented inside look at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), award-winning filmmakers Shari Robertson and Michael Camerini take their cameras behind locked doors, where bureaucrats decide the fates of thousands of asylum-seekers each year. To be granted asylum, applicants must demonstrate a “well-founded fear” that their …
DETROIT’S IMMIGRATION SOLUTION THE NEW YORK TIMES FEBRUARY 5 SWISS IMMIGRATION: 50.3% BACK QUOTAS, FINAL RESULTS SHOW BBC NEWS FEBRUARY 9 STUART HALL OBITUARY THE GUARDIAN FEBRUARY 10
IMMIGRATION: ROMANIAN OR BULGARIAN? YOU WON’T LIKE IT HERE THE GUARDIAN JANUARY 27 TECH FIRMS PUSH TO HIRE MORE WORKERS FROM ABROAD THE NEW YORK TIMES APRIL 11 A CONVERSATION WITH: AUTHOR AND FILMMAKER VIVEK BALD THE NEW YORK TIMES: INDIA INK MAY 31
For many across the globe, Stuart Hall’s name is synonymous with Cultural Studies, an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that he helped establish. An immigrant from Jamaica to Britain in the early 1950s, Hall’s work was deeply immersed in the political and cultural climate of his adopted country throughout his long career as scholar and teacher, …
About the film. Based on a National Science Foundation-funded study of over 700 Mexican households, The Other Side of Immigration asks why so many Mexicans have left home to work in the United States and what’s happened to the families and communities they’ve left behind. Structured around social science theory and the director’s academic research, …
David Turnley’s powerful and moving documentary, Shenandoah, tells the story of a small, coal mining Pennsylvania town of that name in which an illegal Mexican immigrant was attacked and killed by a group of white teenagers in 2008. An exploration of the uneasy admixture of fear and hate with patriotism and group loyalty, the film …
For anyone studying immigration into the United States today, “the lower East Side” of New York has a recognizably hallowed status, so celebrated has it become as a site for commemoration of immigrant arrival and settlement for a century and more. While other neighborhoods, such as Chinatown, have a similar past, it is “the lower …
